NAD+ vs Ovagen

NAD+ is a coenzyme central to cellular energy metabolism, serving as an electron carrier in glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. It is also a required substrate for sirtuins (SIRT1–7) and PARP enzymes, which regulate DNA repair, gene expression, and mitochondrial biogenesis. NAD+ levels decline measurably with age; IV or subcutaneous delivery aims to restore intracellular pools more directly than oral precursors such as NMN or NR.

NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a coenzyme found in every cell, central to energy production, DNA repair, and sirtuin activation. While not a peptide in the traditional sense, it is widely administered by functional medicine and longevity providers via intravenous infusion or subcutaneous injection. Research interest centres on its role in mitochondrial health, cellular resilience, and neurological function as NAD+ levels decline with age. NAD+ IV therapy: intravenous NAD+ infusion is the administration route that has attracted the most clinical interest, particularly in longevity and functional medicine contexts. IV NAD+ therapy delivers the compound directly into the bloodstream, bypassing digestive absorption — a route considered relevant given that oral NAD+ precursors (NMN, NR) have variable bioavailability. NAD+ IV therapy cost typically ranges from $200–$1,000 per session depending on the clinic, infusion volume, and geographic market; treatment frequency in clinical settings commonly ranges from weekly to monthly maintenance infusions following an initial loading protocol. NAD+ IV therapy clinics operate across major US markets including Houston, Los Angeles, New York, and Las Vegas. For those researching where to find NAD+ IV therapy providers, PeptideBase maintains a directory of verified clinics and telehealth platforms offering NAD+ protocols.

Liver-targeted peptide complex modulating hepatocyte gene expression. Supports liver cell regeneration, enzyme function normalization, and hepatic protein synthesis.

Ovagen is a Khavinson-class peptide bioregulator derived from ovarian tissue, developed through Vladimir Khavinson's systematic organ-specific bioregulator research program at the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, and proposed to restore gene expression and physiological function in aging ovarian tissue by interacting with chromatin regulatory elements in target cells. As an ovarian tissue-derived bioregulator, Ovagen is positioned within the Khavinson framework as a compound designed to modulate transcription in Leydig and granulosa cells, potentially influencing estrogen synthesis, follicular function, and reproductive aging; the class-level mechanistic research has characterized how short Khavinson peptides bind DNA regulatory sequences to activate tissue-specific gene expression programs. Published research on the Khavinson peptide bioregulator class as a whole documents the systematic discovery and characterization of organ-specific peptides, with class-level evidence from animal models and human observational studies demonstrating restorative effects on tissue-specific physiological parameters across multiple organ systems. Ovagen has no FDA approval and no approved indication in any Western jurisdiction; no indexed PubMed studies specifically characterize ovagen's clinical outcomes in human subjects, and the compound is available only through the Russian bioregulator market under the class-level evidence framework established by the Khavinson group's published research.