Angiotensin (1-7) vs HLDF-6

Binds Mas receptor (MasR), activating nitric oxide synthase and reducing oxidative stress. Opposes TGF-β and angiotensin II signaling to reduce fibrosis. Enhances insulin sensitivity and provides cardiovascular protection.

A heptapeptide formed from angiotensin II via ACE2 cleavage, or from angiotensin I via neprilysin. Acts as the endogenous counter-regulatory axis to angiotensin II — producing vasodilation, anti-fibrotic, and metabolic benefits via the Mas receptor.

Modulates cholinergic neurotransmission. Reduces amyloid-β toxicity and protects against oxidative stress-induced neuronal damage. May enhance memory consolidation via acetylcholine pathway upregulation.

A hexapeptide fragment of Human Leukemia Differentiation Factor with neuroprotective and memory-enhancing properties identified primarily in Russian academic research. Studied for cognitive decline associated with aging and Alzheimer's-like pathology.