Angiotensin (1-7) vs Epithalon

Binds Mas receptor (MasR), activating nitric oxide synthase and reducing oxidative stress. Opposes TGF-β and angiotensin II signaling to reduce fibrosis. Enhances insulin sensitivity and provides cardiovascular protection.

A heptapeptide formed from angiotensin II via ACE2 cleavage, or from angiotensin I via neprilysin. Acts as the endogenous counter-regulatory axis to angiotensin II — producing vasodilation, anti-fibrotic, and metabolic benefits via the Mas receptor.

Epithalon is believed to activate telomerase, the enzyme responsible for maintaining telomere length, with several in vitro and animal studies reporting telomere elongation. It also appears to regulate the expression of p53 and other cell-cycle control genes, modulate the hypothalamic-pituitary axis via pineal gland activity, and upregulate antioxidant defences including superoxide dismutase and catalase.

Epithalon is a synthetic tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) developed from research into the pineal gland peptide complex epithalamin. It is researched for its role in regulating melatonin secretion, antioxidant enzyme activity, and telomere dynamics, with a body of work primarily from Russian research groups.