Angiotensin (1-7) vs Livagen

Binds Mas receptor (MasR), activating nitric oxide synthase and reducing oxidative stress. Opposes TGF-β and angiotensin II signaling to reduce fibrosis. Enhances insulin sensitivity and provides cardiovascular protection.

Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] is an endogenous heptapeptide hormone generated primarily through cleavage of angiotensin II by ACE2, functioning as a counter-regulatory arm of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) by binding the Mas receptor to promote vasodilation, anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective effects that oppose the vasoconstrictive actions of angiotensin II. Ang-(1-7) acts through the ACE2/Mas receptor axis to reduce oxidative stress, attenuate NF-kB-mediated inflammation, and suppress TGF-beta fibrosis signaling; the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis has emerged as a key regulatory pathway in cardiovascular and metabolic disease, and gained renewed research attention given ACE2's role as the SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor. A Phase 1-2 randomized clinical trial of Ang-(1-7) infusion in COVID-19 ICU patients reported preliminary safety, tolerability, and dose-response data, providing the primary indexed human pharmacokinetic evidence; broader cardiovascular protective applications are supported by preclinical data but have not been established by completed Phase 3 trials. Ang-(1-7) has no FDA approval and no approved therapeutic indication in any jurisdiction; it is an endogenous peptide under active clinical investigation as a candidate for cardiovascular, metabolic, and inflammatory conditions, with emerging human safety data but an incomplete evidence base for any specific approved clinical use.

Tetrapeptide bioregulator for hepatocytes; activates gene expression in liver cells; promotes liver cell regeneration; restores lymphocyte activity via liver-mediated immune pathways

Livagen is a synthetic tetrapeptide classified as a Khavinson-class bioregulator targeted at liver and hepatocyte tissue, investigated for cytoprotective and anti-aging effects on hepatocellular gene expression and chromatin organization through proposed regulatory mechanisms analogous to other short Khavinson-class bioregulators. Like other Khavinson bioregulator peptides, livagen is proposed to modulate gene expression in target hepatocyte cells through epigenetic and transcriptional mechanisms, with tissue-specific targeting proposed to support hepatocyte function and liver regenerative capacity under conditions of aging-related cellular stress. Published research on Khavinson-class ultrashort peptides has characterized neuroepigenetic mechanisms of action in aging tissue models and demonstrated peptide regulation of cell differentiation in progenitor populations, providing the class-level mechanistic context for livagen's proposed hepatic regulatory effects. Livagen has no FDA approval or regulatory approval in any major Western jurisdiction; evidence derives entirely from Khavinson-series preclinical and class-level studies with no independent clinical trials published in Western-indexed journals.