Angiotensin (1-7) vs Testoluten

Binds Mas receptor (MasR), activating nitric oxide synthase and reducing oxidative stress. Opposes TGF-β and angiotensin II signaling to reduce fibrosis. Enhances insulin sensitivity and provides cardiovascular protection.

Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] is an endogenous heptapeptide hormone generated primarily through cleavage of angiotensin II by ACE2, functioning as a counter-regulatory arm of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) by binding the Mas receptor to promote vasodilation, anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective effects that oppose the vasoconstrictive actions of angiotensin II. Ang-(1-7) acts through the ACE2/Mas receptor axis to reduce oxidative stress, attenuate NF-kB-mediated inflammation, and suppress TGF-beta fibrosis signaling; the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis has emerged as a key regulatory pathway in cardiovascular and metabolic disease, and gained renewed research attention given ACE2's role as the SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor. A Phase 1-2 randomized clinical trial of Ang-(1-7) infusion in COVID-19 ICU patients reported preliminary safety, tolerability, and dose-response data, providing the primary indexed human pharmacokinetic evidence; broader cardiovascular protective applications are supported by preclinical data but have not been established by completed Phase 3 trials. Ang-(1-7) has no FDA approval and no approved therapeutic indication in any jurisdiction; it is an endogenous peptide under active clinical investigation as a candidate for cardiovascular, metabolic, and inflammatory conditions, with emerging human safety data but an incomplete evidence base for any specific approved clinical use.

Organ-specific peptide complex targeting testicular Leydig and Sertoli cells. Modulates steroidogenic gene expression to support testosterone biosynthesis pathways.

Testoluten is a Khavinson-class peptide bioregulator derived from testicular tissue, developed as part of Vladimir Khavinson's systematic organ-specific bioregulator research program at the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, and proposed to restore gene expression and functional parameters in aging testicular tissue through peptide-chromatin regulatory element interaction rather than hormonal receptor agonism. As a testicular tissue-derived bioregulator, Testoluten is positioned within the Khavinson framework as a compound designed to modulate transcription in Leydig cells and Sertoli cells, potentially influencing testosterone biosynthesis, spermatogenesis, and testicular aging by reactivating gene expression programs that decline with age and environmental stress. Published research on the Khavinson peptide bioregulator class documents the systematic characterization of organ-specific short peptides and their proposed epigenetic mechanisms, with class-level evidence from animal models and human observational studies supporting the concept of peptide-mediated restoration of tissue-specific physiological parameters. Testoluten has no FDA approval and no approved indication in any Western jurisdiction; no indexed PubMed publications specifically report clinical outcomes for testoluten in controlled human studies, and the compound is available only through the Russian bioregulator market under the class-level evidence framework published by the Khavinson group.