NAD+ is a coenzyme central to cellular energy metabolism, serving as an electron carrier in glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. It is also a required substrate for sirtuins (SIRT1–7) and PARP enzymes, which regulate DNA repair, gene expression, and mitochondrial biogenesis. NAD+ levels decline measurably with age; IV or subcutaneous delivery aims to restore intracellular pools more directly than oral precursors such as NMN or NR.

Sermorelin is a synthetic analogue of the first 29 amino acids of endogenous growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH). It binds to GHRH receptors on pituitary somatotrophs, stimulating pulsatile GH secretion in a physiological pattern that preserves the natural hypothalamic-pituitary feedback axis — contrasting with direct GH administration. Downstream IGF-1 elevation mediates many of its body composition, tissue-repair, and sleep quality effects.